Friendship closeness was counted using adolescents’ accounts of closeness the help of its nearest same-sex buddy (Blyth & Clark, 1987)

Analysis had been built-up through in the-house interviews at the T1 (seven th amounts) and you can T3 (12 th amounts) as well as over the phone at the T2 (9 th amount) utilizing the same actions. Interview endured typically two hours on T1 and you can T3, plus one hr during the T2. Interview have been held physically using notebooks and you will bilingual interviewers comprehend the questions into members and you may entered the solutions into the device. To possess involvement on T1 and you will T3, group received $100 and you can $125, respectively; adolescents acquired $forty to own contribution at T2.

Steps

Every methods have been submit translated towards the Spanish and you may straight back translated into the English because of the independent someone having local North american country dialect (Promote & Martinez, 1995). A 3rd local Spanish presenter examined all the translations and discrepancies was indeed fixed because of the browse cluster.

Household members History Information (T1)

Mothers and fathers reported on the knowledge levels and you will domestic money. A journal conversion was used to house income to fix having skewness, immediately after which a composite score was made to possess SES because of the standardizing and you will averaging mothers’ and you will fathers’ informative accounts and domestic earnings (? = .76).

Familism Values

Teens accomplished the fresh six-product subscale of Mexican Western Social Thinking Measure (Knight ainsi que al., 2010) examining supportive familism beliefs. Teens rated circumstances (e.grams., “It is always important to getting joined while the a family group”) having fun with a beneficial 5-section measure, between (1) strongly disagree so you’re able to (5) firmly consent. Things was indeed averaged to manufacture the latest familism score which have highest results exhibiting large quantities of familism. Cronbach’s alpha is actually .76.

Parent-Teenage Love (T1, T2, T3)

Adolescents advertised on level of enthusiasm within relationships which have each of their parents (during the independent facts about interviews) by using the 8-goods Child’s Declaration off Parental Behavior Index (Schwarz et al., 1985). An illustration item was: “My personal mommy/father produces me personally have more confidence after speaking more than my personal anxieties having her/your.” Each one of the facts is actually rated on a good 5-area level between (1) almost never so you can (5) almost always. Affairs had been averaged to create a scale get, with higher scores exhibiting significantly more warmth regarding mothers and fathers. The reliability and you will authenticity in the level has been created that have Mexican American young people in English and you will Spanish (Knight, Tein, & Shell, 1992). To have adolescents’ love with mothers and fathers, respectively, Cronbach’s alphas was in fact .84 and you will .89 on Day step one, .ninety and you will .91 at Go out 2, and .94 and you may .94 from the Date step 3.

Friendship Intimacy (T1, T2, T3)

Teenagers completed 8 factors (e.grams., “How much cash do you really go to your best friend for recommendations or service?”). Products had been rated into the a beneficial 5-part measure (step one = not, 5 = considerably) and you will averaged to create an overall total get. Large scores expressed higher friendship intimacy. Brand new psychometric attributes associated with the measure had been documented with Mexican American youngsters (Updegraff, Madden-Derdich, Estrada, Haase, & Leonard, 2002). Cronbach’s alphas was basically .84, 89, and you may .84 to own T1 – T3, correspondingly.

Parent-Teenage Immigration Standing

Mothers reported if they and their 7 th grader were born in the U.S. or Mexico, and fathers reported their own country of birth. Immigrant parents reported their length of U.S. residence at T1, and immigrant youth reported on their length of U.S. residence at T3. The length of U.S. residence was subtracted from each family member’s age to calculate each family member’s age at immigration to the U.S. Based on prior research (Rumbaut, 1997; Stevens, 1999), age 6 was considered the critical age of immigration for youth as they would have entered the school system at the same time as their U.S.-born peers, and age 12 was considered the critical age for parents as they would have experienced some schooling within the U.S. system. The parent-adolescent immigration status measure was created such that dyads in which both parents and youth were born in the U.S. or immigrated before their corresponding critical period were given a score of 1 = U.S.-raised; dyads in which each person was born in Asiatisk vakker kone Mexico and immigrated to the U.S. after their critical period (i.e., age 6 for youth and age 12 for parents) were given a score of 2 = immigrant; and dyads where youth were born in the U.S. or immigrated before the critical period and parents were Mexico-born and immigrated after their critical period were given a score of 3 = mixed-status. See Table 1 for sample breakdown and background characteristics of each group. ANOVAs were conducted to test for parent-adolescent immigration status differences in parents’ education levels, household income, years living in the U.S., and youth’s familism values (see Table 1 ). In addition, significant chi-squared analyses revealed differences in T1 home interview language preference for mothers’ language, ? 2 = , p < .001,>